Identification of Food Constituents Essay Example for Free

Identification of Food Constituents Essay Method (testing for reducing sugars) 1. Add 3cm? of whole milk, by using a pipette or syringe to the test tube. 2. Add 5cm? of Benedict’s reagent and place it in the boiling water bath for 8 minutes. Do the same for semi-skimmed milk and skimmed milk. 3. Once all 3 of the test tubes are left to cool in the air, observe the colours. It will be a good idea to set up a range of colour standards from glucose concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% so that you can relate the colours observed to these concentrations. 4. A positive result would be from green to yellow to brick-red colour. Method (testing for non-reducing sugars) 5. Make up the same solution as step 1 but this time, adding 3cm? of dilute hydrochloric acid to break the glycosidic bonds between the monosaccharides. 6. Then add 3cm? of sodium hydroxide solution to neutralise it. 7. Add 5cm? of Benedict’s reagent and place it in the water bath for 8 minutes. 8. Once it’s left to cool, it should now turn brick-red colour. 9. The concentration of a non-reducing sugar can be estimated by first adding a drop of 10% invertase (sucrase) concentrate to 2cm? of the solution to be tested and leaving for 30 minutes at room temperature. The solution is tested for the presence of a reducing sugar. This method is preferable to acid hydrolysis. Method (testing for starch) 10. On each of the three types of milk, just add a few drops of iodine which is dissolved in potassium iodide solution. 11. The sample should change from browny-orange, to a dark, blue-black colour. Method (testing for proteins) 12. Place 2cm? of the three different types of milks on each tube. 13. Then add 2cm? of Biuret reagent and you should see a purple-violet colour developing. The intensity of it is proportional to the protein content. Method (testing for fats) 14. Add 3cm? of the three different types of milk on each test tube and 3cm? of water. 15. Place 1 drop of Sudan III to each test tube and shake gently to mix. 16. Using a microscope, a slide and a cover slip, identify any emulsion of red fat droplets. 17. Alternatively, you could add a drop of each of the milk on a filter paper and see if there is a translucent stain for a positive result. Results table Solution (Milk)TestObservationsConclusion SkimmedBenedict’sLime green (lightest)A slight amount of monosaccharides or reducing sugars present Semi-skimmedBenedict’sLime green (lighter)A slight amount of monosaccharides or reducing sugars present WholeBenedict’sLime greenA slight amount of monosaccharides or reducing sugars present SkimmedInvertaseYellowish-greenHardly any monosaccharides or reducing sugars present Semi-skimmedInvertaseYellowish-greenHardly any monosaccharides or reducing sugars present WholeInvertaseYellowish-greenHardly any monosaccharides or reducing sugars present SkimmedBiuretViolet purpleProtein present. Semi-skimmedBiuretPurpleLot’s of protein present WholeBiuretLight purpleProtein present Conclusion If there were to be a fair amount of monosaccharides to be present all 3 different types of milk, then we would surely see a brick-red precipitate formed when adding the Benedict’s reagent. But according to my range of colour standards from glucose (monosaccharide) concentrations, the lime-green colour given out from each of the 3 milks shows us that it does contain a minor amount of monosaccharides (reducing sugars). Adding a drop of invertase normally should break the glycosidic bonds that are holding the disaccharides together to form monosaccharides. But my results show that it’s a yellowish-green colour instead of a brick-red colour after adding Benedict’s reagent. This shows us that there is hardly any disaccharides present which I thought there would be as lactose, a disaccharide, is mostly present in milks. But this result may have a different view on that. The fact that all 3 milks turned purple after adding Biuret reagent assures us that there is protein present. If there is protein present, that means there is starch present too because starch and proteins are polysaccharides. Evaluation It is noticeable that I haven’t done the test for starch and fats. This is simply due to the fact that I run out of time. Using a 5cm? micro syringe would be more accurate than a pipette. When a precipitate is settled, I could have used a ruler to measure it out (in mm) instead of just using my eyes. Even better, using colorimeter would have provide accurate measurements on the amount of colour present and therefore, give us an indication of how much of the food constituents were present.

Economic Trade-off Analysis of Cracker Jack :: essays papers

Economic Trade-off Analysis of Cracker Jack When I was little, Cracker Jack came in cardboard boxes, and the prize inside was often pretty cool: a whistle or a ring, or some similar gadget. This was also in the days when Oscar Mayer gave away tiny hot-dog-shaped whistles as promotional items. In those days, whistles were pretty popular. Slide whistles were a very common favor at birthday parties. I remember an older cousin came back from the army once, and he had a really cool whistle that played several different notes. It had come out of a box of cracker jacks. My supplier in those days was my grandfather, who conveniently owned a liquor store. My brother and sister played with my cousins in canyons and caves made out of the corrugated cardboard crates in the storeroom of beer and cigarettes. Of all the goods in the store, the interesting ones were the freezer (ice cream), the candy rack, and the magazines (Archie, Richie Rich, The Avengers, Fantastic Four...). The comics must have come from a Marvel distributor rather than DC, because Batman and Superman were rarities; Spiderman was ubiquitous. Cracker Jack was advertised as America's favorite snack. There were some drawbacks that were well-known to 10-year olds back then. First, the pour spout was a fraud. "Push here to open" was a lie. The box was not perforated there, and it was difficult if not impossible for small fingers to puncture the cardboard. Far more effective was to peel away the outer wrapper and slip open the box at a seam. The other well-known bug was that all the peanuts were always at the bottom. The problem with the peanuts didn't bother me, however, since I didn't care much for them. I was in the store the other day, and ran into America's favorite snack again. The product hung in four-ounce bags near the bakery section of the supermarket. Bags of Cracker Jack? The package coloring was the same, the logo was still a boy in a sailor outfit accompanied by a dog: Sailor Jack and Bingo. It was 99 cents, and there was a surprise inside. Didn't it used to specify a "toy" surprise inside? I had known that for some time now, Cracker Jack did not come with real toys; instead, today's youngsters get tiny joke books or stickers. No whistles or rings or anything that might possibly present either a choking hazard or a potential lawsuit. Besides, paper is a lot cheaper to manufacture than plastic, so I'm sure the profit margins went up. Today's prize, once I opened up the the package, was a paper ring.

It Final

Week 8 : Wk8 – Final Exam(TCO A) Based on the examples in the chapter, if you were asked to formulate a plan for a regional drive-in restaurant chain's efforts to use information technology to develop a loyal customer base, what would be the best use of information technology from the list below? (Points : 8)   Use IT to increase supplier loyalty. Use IT to increase operational efficiency. Use IT to create new products and business models. Use IT to achieve customer intimacy.(TCO B) ________ are visual tools for presenting performance data in a BI system. (Points : 8) |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dashboards and scorecards Parameterized reports Reports and the drill-down feature Scenarios and models |(TCO C) The type of logical database model that treats data as if they were stored in two-dimensional tables is the (Points : 8) |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   OODBMS. pre-digital DBMS. relational DBMS. hierarchical DBMS. |(TCO D) IT staffing is reduced in a cloud computing environment because (Points : 8) |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is less infrastructure to manage and maintain. There is a reduction in local software installation on individual work-stations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most services required are available from the cloud All of the above |(TCO E) Which of the following factors provides an understanding of why computing resources today are ever more available than in previous decades? (Points : 8)network economics law of mass digital storage and Moore's law declining communications costs, universal standards, and the Internetall of the above(TCO F) Change is (Points : 8) | not welcome in any methodologies accepted often using traditional methodologies foundational principle of agile methodologiesalways to be done at the end of the project(TCO G) Many security attacks occur because (Points : 7)users open documents that they think come from a co-workers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   users leave their computers running user download illegal movies and mu sic corporate firewalls are not reliableWeek 8 : Wk8 – Final Exam(TCO G) Define the basic concepts of responsibility, accountability, and liability as applied to ethical decisions. How are these concepts related? (Points : 35)(TCO F) Differentiate between intangible and tangible benefits and list three examples of each. In what types of systems are intangible benefits more predominant? (Points : 35)(TCO E) Distinguish between grid computing, cloud computing, and utility computing. (Points : 35)(TCO D) What is cloud computing and how do you think its developments could impact businesses? (Points : 35)(TCO C) What types of relationships are possible in a relational database? Describe and give an example of each. (Points : 35)(TCO B) You are evaluating BI software from a variety of vendors. Identify six elements in the BI environment. Use your understanding of the importance of these elements to formulate six questions to ask the vendor in order to determine how their software w ill interplay with your needs. (Points : 35)(TCO A)  Assess at least two benefits of using enterprise systems. (Points : 35)

What Is the Future of Humans If We Utilise All Aspects of...

Humans are on a constant quest in the search for perfection and advancement in all areas of life through progressive scientific knowledge. From such a stance, the future of humans appears boundless with all the potential possibilities biotechnology provides, but such developments will cause ethical, social and biological implications. Biotechnology, at its simplest is technology based on biology – it employs the use of cellular and bimolecular processes to develop products and technologies. The variety of living cells used for their biochemical talents range from simple singled-cells bacteria and yeast to complex multi-cellular organisms, such as plants and humans. Over the years, biotechnology has been a rapidly developing area of†¦show more content†¦The progression of cloning technology could prove to be of great use to humans in the future. Further experiments on cloning will add to the understanding of genetics and lead to the production of animals organs that can be accepted by humans. Theoretically cloning could eliminate all problems regard organ transplants by producing animals that can act as suitable organ donors. More extensive cloning processes could also provide a solution for the world’s food inequity problems. Stronger, more resistant plants could be cultivated in large amoun ts through means provided by cloning techniques. The same idea could be applied to livestock, where common diseases can be eradicated to create stronger breeds. While there appears to be many advantages for the continuation of cloning research, there are other drawbacks that may negatively impact the society in the future. Cloning may reduce genetic variability by producing populations that have the same genetic make-up. This population would be susceptible to the same diseases and could potentially be wiped out by a single strain of virus. Such a result could be catastrophic and devastate entire nations. Cloning in human would inevitably lead to testings on human subjects and genetic tailoring of offspring. It is plausible that scientists could alter genetic coding to produce a baby with desirable traits resulting in a ‘perfect human’ with heightened senses and sub-normal intelligence. There have been no occurrences toShow MoreRelatedThe technology of Australian time The bionic Ear1000 Words   |  4 Pagesauditory sensations to progressively become closer to sounding like normal speech. What is the Bionic Ear? The Bionic Ear, which is an artificial hearing device, intended to directly stimulate the implant recipient’s auditory nerve. It is implanted surgically into the ear, and is activated by a device that is worn outside of the user’s body. 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There are 6 macro environmental factors in PESTEL Framework that is Political factor, EconomicalRead MoreBackground Inditex, One of the Worlds Largest Fashion Distributors, Has Eight Major Sales Formats - Zara, Pull and Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home Y Kiddys Class- with 3.147 Stores in 70100262 Words   |  402 PagesResponsibility in the Supply Chain Interorganisational management of environmental and social aspects in the supply chain Case studies from the textile sector Doctoral dissertation the international institute for industrial environmental economics Lund University, Sweden  IIIEE DISSERTATIONS 2009:2  Responsibility in the Supply Chain Interorganisational management of environmental and social aspects in the supply chain Case studies from the textile sector Beatrice KOGG DoctoralRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesEducation is not responsible for the content of third party internet sites. ISBN: 978-0-273-73557-1 (printed) ISBN: 978-0-273-73552-6 (web) All rights reserved. Permission is hereby given for the material in this publication to be reproduced for OHP transparencies and student handouts, without express permission of the Publishers, for educational purposes only. In all other cases, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronicRead MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 Pages53 Business review This discusses our ï ¬ nancial and non-ï ¬ nancial activities, resources, development and performance during 2010 and outlines the factors, including the trends and the principal risks and uncertainties, which are likely to affect future development. Governance and remuneration This discusses our management structures and governance procedures. It also sets out the remuneration policies operated for our Directors and Corporate Executive Team members. 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Should Animal Testing Be Illegal - 955 Words

Animal testing is widely used today for a variety of different reasons ranging from testing new medical treatments for serious diseases to testing new cosmetics. Due to the widespread nature of animal testing, there are those who argue that animal testing is morally wrong and that it causes unnecessary suffering in animals. However, there are some that believe animal testing’s ability to reduce human suffering makes it morally right, good, and useful. Throughout this paper, I will argue that testing on animals should be illegal because animals have the ability to suffer just as humans do and animal testing causes animal suffering. Animal testing has been around for generations and has both positive and negative effects. According to Hajar â€Å"Animals have been used repeatedly throughout the history†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hajar). The number of animals being used and cost of research has grown exponentially. Yarri states that â€Å"Today, animal research is a multi-billion indu stry, an estimated 17 to 100 million animals in the U.S. alone are used in animal research, and debates about the proper relationship between humans and animals have moved into the scholarly realm† (Yarri). Those who consider the question of animal testing have always been aware that most Westerns contribute to the notion that there is a hierarchy of the animal kingdom with human beings on top and other animals being further down (Foà «x). According to Aristotle, the ability of humans to reason and the fact that they haveShow MoreRelatedAnimal Testing Should Be Illegal1189 Words   |  5 Pagesmillion animals worldwide are used in laboratory experiments each year† (About Animal Testing). Animal testing has been used since the BC years, and it is used to understand and compare how things might affect the human body. In 1937, a pharmaceutical company released a drug that was poisonous to humans unknowingly. 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The Space Of Space Exploration - 940 Words

Space Exploration Space exploration tends to be a subject that is arguable to Americans as we pride ourselves in boasting over every single one of our advancements. We progressed upon our predecessors such as Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin: the ones that ventured into an unknown world. Their courage led us to achievements that have led our future to unsurpassable heights. I find myself almost having a vivid image of the moon landing in 1969 even though I would not be born for almost 30 years. As Neil Armstrong plants the flag for the future ahead of him, his quote â€Å"One small step for man, One giant leap for mankind† seems to echo in my mind. No doubt that every American knows of this lasting motif of patriotism from this day. Space exploration is not just tales that fantasize the human imagination; we need to recognize the affairs associated with it and then weigh the consequences. The issues that affect us, are the economics of the space program, the deep belief of patri otism, and the unity of the countries that it impacts. First and foremost, the economics of our country are a vital factor to think about when discussing the issues of space exploration. The country as a whole is already in an unbelievable amount of debt, so we need to argue that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) program is not a lavish unneeded field. Of every dollar spent on federal programs, only 6 cents is used on a section of all the other programs where space and technology isShow MoreRelatedThe Space Of Space Exploration1254 Words   |  6 PagesSpace a waste?!!? Throughout the years there has been an increase in people against the idea of space exploration they believe it is foolhardy and a waste of money. Though space travel in not wasting money or blindly throwing resources away. Space exploration is an investment as we progress forward and continue to develop as a society, it will serve as a stepping stone in human expansion and help human’s learn more about their capabilities and limitations. Overpopulation Overpopulation has beenRead MoreThe Space Of Space Exploration Essay1913 Words   |  8 Pagesconcept of space exploration was first introduced to the American public in 1961 when President John F. Kennedy famously stood before congress and vowed that America would put a man on the moon â€Å"within the decade.† With hopes of defeating the Soviet Union in the â€Å"Space Race† and gaining a leg-up in the Cold War, NASA funding reached its all-time high in 1965-1966 when about four percent of the federal budget was devoted to exploring space. 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The forefront of this â€Å"Space Race† arguably began with the Sputnik, a Russian artificial satellite launched in the late 1950’s. Following the launch of Sputnik 1, the genesis of American competitive space exploration built roots in the formation of NASA under the Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration was founded in 1958 under a premise of competitive space exploration and continued discoveryRead MoreThe Space Of Space Exploration1982 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Since the beginning of the Space Race between the US and USSR, human civilization began to step forward into a new era of space exploration. Numerous artificial objects were sent onto the earth orbits for various purposes. Their existence brought human race a broader vision and deeper understanding upon the outer space. However, many of them and parts remain in space. Some were retired and deserted, and some shattered into pieces. 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Space exploration

Mis Assignment free essay sample

The purpose of this assignment is to examine a case study on a private or public company and suggest suitable improvements to the current Business Information Systems used for their business processes supporting the findings with data analysis. The organisation that has been chosen to be analysed is HMV, it is part of HMV Retail Ltd formerly known as HMV Group PLC. Company Background HMV specialises in the sale of home entertainment goods mainly music, DVD and computer videogames, currently they have also ventured into portable technology with the sales of headphones and tablets (HMV, 1921). HMV stands for His Master’s Voice and has a recognisable logo of a dog and a trumpet. Sir Edward Elgar opened the first HMV in 1921; the flagship store is on Oxford Street it mainly sold goods from HMV at the beginning of its inception (HMV, 1921). However by the late 1950’s – early 60’s with the advent of rock and roll and new recording formats HMV began expanding its operations to other major cities of the UK (HMV, 1921). To keep in tune with the times, HMV invested heavily in purchasing thousands of titles by different artists for each of their stores. HMV came out as the top dog in music retail as they were meeting the high consumer demands and the change in home entertainment. HMV’s strategy to change its products based on changes in home entertainment continues to this day. It is one of UK’s specialist retailers in music, DVD and computer games. It has over 140 stores in the UK and has many stores in North America, Europe and Asia pacific (HMV, 1921). Presently HMV is facing tough competition from online retailers like Amazon who are able to offer lower prices owing to Amazon having lower staff cost, property cost, inventory cost and operating costs (Phelan, 2013). Operations, inputs and outputs of HMV The operations of HMV are supply management, stock management, customer relations, staff/personnel management, sales, advertising, international operations and joint ventures (HMV, 2013, pp. 8). Supply management operation is the procedure of buying and managing resources for the business needs and processes of an organisation (Business Dictionary, n. d. d). In the case of HMV it is the purchasing of inventory goods to be sold as products in their retail process and the management of said goods, staff, budget and information (HMV, 1921). Stock management operation is the supervision of the inventory of a business ensuring it meets consumer demands (Business Dictionary, n. d. c); in HMV’s case it is maintaining the stock levels of products to be sold. Customer relations operation is the way a company can build a rapport with their customer, manage the relations made and ensure the loyalty of the customer (Business Dictionary, n. d. a). HMV uses their purehmv incentive program to ensure the loyalty and return of customers (HMV, 1921). Personnel management operations is the recruiting and investing in employees in order o retain said employees and make them important to the business (Business Dictionary, n. d. c). For HMV this would be the hiring and development of staff within. International operations for HMV is the management and development of their international stores and profile, they have stores in North America and Asia pacific. Joint venture operations for HMV is the 50% investment in 7digital an online retailer of digital music (HMV, 2013, pp. 8). The sales operation for HMV is the way in which they sell and manage the sales of products. Advertising operations is how HMV manages and develops marketing of products. The inputs that HMV receives are: * Products: Music, Videogames, Films and TV, Tech * Staff * Customers * Profit/Money * Information The outputs of HMV that they receive after operations are: * sales they make from products * service they provide to customers * the purehmv incentive program * advertising * better qualified staff * Business Processes of HMV HMV has many business processes for each of their operations. For supply management the processes include shipping, re-ordering and notifying supplier. For stock management the processes are storage, measuring stock levels and ensuring quality of stock. The processes for customer relations are customer service, returns, refunds and technical support. Business processes for the personnel management operation are recruitment, selection, manpower planning, training and development. For sales operation the processes are order management, payment handling, delivery and counter service. The processes for advertising are advertising strategy, market research and medium strategy. For international operations all of the above fall under it including the processes. The business processes of the joint venture operations are purchasing music rights, managing investment and managing infrastructure. There are many more business processes for each operation only a few have been mentioned. Counter service within the sales operation is important for HMV as currently that is the only service they offer (HMV, 1921). This process involves the customer coming to the store, picking an item and taking it to the counter to be ringed up on the (Transaction Processing System) TPS. The TPS will ask for payment type, customer will pay in either cash or card. The TPS will record the purchase and print out a receipt for the customer. Also the business process called delivery which is part of the sales operation is a joint process with the counter service. Customers can come in to the store and make an order for a product at the counter. A member of staff will take the order and put it through the order processing system and TPS. The customer will be given a receipt from the TPS and an order number will be given to the customer and dispatched to the warehouse. A date and time will also be given to the customer to inform them when the delivery will be available to pick up form the store. Structured Decision making Structured Decision making is essential at operation levels in order for HMV Retail Ltd to find out which products are selling well and also to find out where to set targets for day to day retail activities, the table below can be used for this purpose. Semi-structured decision making Semi-structured decisions are on a short to medium term basis and are tactical decisions. The table below can be used by managers to make decisions regarding finance management, inventory control, sales targeting and supplier management. Unstructured decision making Unstructured decisions are used to focus on the long term and to forecast future trends within the organisation. These decisions are made by senior management such as the area manager or the head retail manager. They can use this information as a way of forecasting future profits as well as determining which of their products produced the most revenue. This chart can be used to identify the margins between costs of products purchased, the revenue generated from the sale of products and the total profit after cost has been deducted from revenue. This chart can be used to identify and compare the amount of stock sold, stock bought and the amount of stock left for each item category. Strategic radar plotting technique The strategic radar plotting technique can be used to identify an area in which HMV is doing well in and the area in which they are weak in. From the radar below HMV is doing well in 2 sales categories videogames and technology. These 2 are producing the most sales therefore they are the area in which HMV has much strength. The other 2 sales categories Music and Films amp; TV are producing the least amount of sales therefore the conclusion is these are the weak areas of HMV. Identifying the following areas will now allow HMV to develop new sales strategies in order to boost the weak areas and strengthen the areas in which they already have a strong presence. Goal setting analysis and what if analysis What if we want to make ? 1000 on this product rather than ? 780? How much stock needs to be sold in order to reach the amount? The what if analysis does the calculation and informs us that to gain ? 1000 for this product 50 must be sold.